Porophyllum gracile
Mojave Desert, Mesquite Mts., CA
Apr 2005

Porophyllum gracile
Sonoran Desert, Chuckwalla Mts., CA
Spjut 2167, 1 Feb 1972

Porophyllum gracile
Pinal Co., Coronado NF: Mt Lemmon
just north of Tucson; 32º20'17.6", 110º42'46.2", 1450
 m.  Rockyslopes with Fouquieria, Encelia farinosa, Larrea

Porophyllum scoparium
Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, TX
Nov 2007 

Bohlmann F., R. N. Baruah and X. Dominguez.  1985. A Further Dithienyl Derivative from Porophyllum scoparia.  Planta Med. 51(1): 77–78.

Souza M. C., A. C. Siani, M. F. Ramos, O. J. Menezes-de-Lima and M. G.Henriques.  2003. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils from two Asteraceae species.  Pharmazie. 58(8): 582–586. “The essential oils from two Asteraceae species, Porophyllum ruderale (PR) and Conyza bonariensis (CB) were screened for anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by zymosan (500 microg/cavity) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (250 ng/cavity). The main monoterpene constituents of each oil, beta-myrcene (in PR) and limonene (in CB), were tested in the LPS-induced pleurisy model and assayed also for immunoregulatory activity by measurement of the inhibition of NO and production of the cytokines, gamma-interferon and IL-4. The oils, when administered orally, were able to inhibit the LPS-induced inflammation including cell migration; with a similar effect being observed for pure limonene. Pure beta-myrcene and limonene were also effective in inhibiting production of nitric oxide at doses below the cytotoxicity of these monoterpenes. A significant inhibition of gamma-interferon and IL-4 production by limonene and beta-myrcene was also observed.”