Ribes indecorum
San Diego Co., Valley Center, CA 
Nov 2007

Ribes lacustre
Klamath National Forest,
Marble Mountains Wilderness,
Cliff Lake, CA 
June 1970

Ribes sanguineum
Marble Mts. Wilderness, North Fork of the Salmon River, July 2006

Ribes viscosissimum
Marble Mts. Wilderness, red fir forest
along Boulder Creek Trail to Deep Lake, CA
July 2005

Takata R., T. Yanai, R. Yamamoto and T. Konno. 2007. Improvement of the antitumor activity of black currant polysaccharide by an enzymatic treatment. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 71(5): 1342–1344.  “A polysaccharide-rich substance isolated from black currant, named cassis polysaccharide (CAPS), was partially digested with beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae and its immunostimulatory activity was investigated. The in vitro cytokine-inducing effect of CAPS on RAW264 cells was gradually decreased along with lowering of the average MW of CAPS. In vivo, partially digested CAPS with a mean MW of approximately 20,000 showed the most potent antitumor activity against Ehrlich carcinoma in mice.”