Salvia apiana
Vizcaíno Desert, BCN
April 1980

Salvia clevelandii
Peninsular Ranges, CA
Spjut & Marin 15311,
May 2003

Salvia dorrii
Mojave Desert, San Bernardino Co., Mesquite Mts., CA
Apr 2005

Salvia mellifera
Peninsular Ranges, CA
Spjut & Marin 14661,
Apr 2002

Salvia reflexa
Terrell Co., TX
Spjut & Marin15142,
Nov 2002

Salvia sonomensis
Shasta Trinity NF, CA
Spjut 14911, Jul 2002

Adams J. D. Jr and C. Garcia.  2006. Women's health among the Chumash.  Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med.  3(1):125–131. “Plants were, and still are, widely used for a number of conditions affecting women in California. This article discusses traditional remedies of the Chumash for dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, feminine hygiene, heavy menstruation, urinary tract infections, parturition, lactation, infant care, menopause, sexually transmitted diseases, fertility, contraception and abortions. Many plants are presented including Artemisia douglasiana, Paeonia californica, Trichostema lanatum, Salvia apiana, Ephedra viridis, Leymus condensatus, Vitis californica, Eschscholzia californica, Rosa californica, Scirpus acutus, Anemopsis californica and Phoradendron macrophyllum. By providing the specific uses of plants for specific diseases and discussing chemistry, efficacy and safety concerns for each plant, we hope that this article gives direction to women seeking to use plants in their health care.”

Ahmed A. A., Ael-H. Mohamed , J. Karchesy and Y. Asakawa.   2006. Salvidorol, a nor-abietane diterpene with a rare carbon skeleton and two abietane diterpene derivatives from Salvia dorrii.  Phytochemistry 67(5): 424–428.  “Salvidorol (1), a irregular nor-abietane-type diterpene, was isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia dorrii, in addition to two epimeric abietane diterpenes (2 and 3). This is the first report of a nor-diterpene with an irregular skeleton. The structures were established by high-field NMR techniques ((1)H-(1)H COSY, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY and HRMS) and in case of 2 was confirmed by X-ray analysis.”

Marrero J.G., L. S. Andres and J. G. Luis. 2005. Quinone derivatives by chemical transformations of 16-hydroxycarnosol from Salvia species. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 53(12):1524–1529.  “The known diterpenes 12,16-epoxycarnosol (2), isotanshinone II (6), and (+)-neocryptotanshinone (8) were obtained by partial synthesis from 16-hydroxycarnosol (1), a C-16 hydroxylated abietatriene diterpene isolated in relative abundance from the aerial part of Salvia mellifera GREENE. The physical and spectroscopic data of these semisynthetic diterpenes were identical to those given for the natural ones in the literature. These abietane diterpenes have very interesting biological activities and the semisynthetic approach described here represents an alternative to obtain them from other major diterpenes isolated from Salvia species. Additionally, seven new semisynthetic diterpene analogues, 11,14-dioxo-12,16-epoxy-8,12-abietadien-20,7beta-olide (3), 11,14-dioxo-12,16-epoxy-8,12,15(16)-abietatrien-20,7beta-olide (4), 15,16-didehydro-12,16-epoxycarnosol (5), 1-oxoisotanshinone II (7), 16-hydroxycolumbaridione (9), 12,16-diacetoxycolumbaridione (10), and 14-methoxy-12,16-epoxycarnosol (13), were obtained from 1. The structures of the new compounds were established based on their spectroscopic data.”

Topcu G., E. N. Altiner, S. Gozcu, B. Halfon, Z. Aydogmus, J. M. Pezzuto, B. N. Zhou and D. G. Kingston.  2003. Studies on di- and triterpenoids from Salvia staminea with cytotoxic activity. Planta Med. ;69: 464–467. “A new ursane-type triterpenoid, 3 beta,11 alpha,21 alpha-trihydroxyurs-12-ene, named salvistamineol (1), has been isolated from the methanol extract of Salvia staminea. In addition to 1, the methanol extract yielded four known compounds and the acetone extract yielded twelve known compounds consisting of two sesquiterpenes, six diterpenoids, a triterpenoid, two steroids and one flavone. DNA damaging properties of the extracts and some isolated diterpenes were investigated against three yeasts and only taxodione gave a positive response and also showed the highest cytotoxic activity against a panel of cell lines among the investigated compounds in this study.”