Solanum hindsianum
Near Catavina, BCN
Mar 1991 (left), Feb 1978 (right)

Solanum elaeagnifolium

Solanum umbelliferum

San Diego Co., Valley Center, CA
Apr 2007

Kim Y. C., Q. M. Che, A. A. Gunatilaka and D. G. Kingston.  1996.  Bioactive steroidal alkaloids from Solanum umbelliferum.  J Nat Prod. 59: 283–285.  “Bioassay-directed fractionation of the MeOH extract of Solanum umbelliferum afforded solasodine (1), O-acetylsolasodine (2), and solasodine 3-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside (3). Alkaloids 1 and 2 exhibited significant activity toward DNA repair-deficient yeast mutants, whereas 3 and the synthetic analogues N-acetylsolasodine (4) and N,O-diacetylsolasodine (5) were found to be inactive. Compounds 2 and 3 are new natural products.”